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Home › Topics › Starting a Life Science Business › Business Planning & Commercialization

Technology Readiness Level

Topics Starting a Life Science Business Business Planning & Commercialization Technology Readiness Level

A technology readiness level (TRL) describes the extent of a technology’s development (BIRAC, 2023). The TRL describes how ready a product is to start a business and to be deployed for use. There are nine levels, with the lowest level being basic research and the highest level being a product that is ready for deployment. You might need to describe your technology’s TRL in an application for a business loan, a grant proposal, or a pitch to potential investors.

Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs)

Level 1: Basic Research – Hypothesis that development is feasible.

Level 2: Applied Research – Progress in applying basic research, not yet optimized.

Level 3: Critical Concept or Proof of Function Established – A single, small-scale lab success.

Level 4: Proof of Concept and Function Established – Lab testing and validation of the alpha prototype, component, or process.

Level 5: Testing of the Integrated System – Lab testing of the prototype when integrated into the system in which it is used.

Level 6: Prototype System Verified – The process of large-scale development works.

Level 7: Integrated Pilot System Demonstrated – The product works consistently and can be used without harmful consequences, such as slower workflow, repetitive stress injury, or product failure to perform as designed.

Level 8: System Incorporated in Commercial Design – Technological development allows scaling to meet market demand.

Level 9: System Proven and Ready for Full Commercial Deployment – Manufacturing, quality control, order fulfillment, and delivery processes are in place to ensure that products meet the promised standards and are delivered in a timely fashion.

Reference

BIRAC. BIRAC-TRLS: Technology Readiness Levels by BIRAC Across Areas Under Biotechnology. Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC). February 14, 2023.

Resource on Technology Readiness Levels

Descriptions of technology readiness levels across different biotechnology areas. Available through bnl.gov.

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Intro to Starting a Life Science Business
3 Articles
Overview of Starting a Life Sciences Business
Evaluate Your Business Skills
Finding a Sound Business Idea
Early Market Research
3 Articles
Case Example: Leslie Bowen, Early Market Research
Market Research Before Starting a Business
Tips for Biomedical Market Research
Business Planning & Commercialization
9 Articles
Writing a Business Plan
Develop a Reimbursement Strategy
Technical and Business Assistance and Other Commercialization Support
Case Example: Commercialization Advice
Other Post-SBIR Commercialization Support
Planning Your Research Environment
Technology Readiness Level
Design, Prototype, Testing, Manufacturing
Tips on Planning from Successful Biotech Entrepreneurs
Financial Skills, Planning, & Investors
6 Articles
Financial Planning
Tackling Financial Risk
Equity and Shares
Sources of Capital for Small Businesses
Case Example: Learning Investor Basics
Entrepreneur Financial Skills and Resources
Registering Your Business
3 Articles
Business Name, Tax IDs, and Insurance
Registrations for Your Business
Industry-Specific Requirements, Licenses, and Permits
Your Business Governance
4 Articles
Select a Business Structure
Cofounders, Partners, and Founding Team
Board of Directors
Roles You Can Play in the Business
Return to Starting a Life Science Business
End Resources

This project is funded by National Institute of General Medical Sciences (Grants 1R43 GM131458-01 & 2R GM131458-02)


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